Advanced boiling water reactors and simply boiling water reactors, as well as storage, simplified boiling water reactors, are the design types of these reactors after the first production process, which is explained briefly below-Frontier Utilities Rates .
Advanced boiling water reactor
The Advanced Boiled Water Reactor (or ABWR) is a new design of the boiling water reactor. The Advanced Boiler Reactor began in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It includes advanced technology and design, such as control, rod extraction, motion, automation of plants, pumps, and heart and safety systems that suggest improvements. and basic processes of boiling water reactors. It provides a maximum power of about 1350 MWe per reactor. The risk of head damage is greatly reduced.
Simplified Boiling Water Reactor
Along with the development of the Advanced Boiling Water Reactor, a different concept known as the Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (or SBWR) was developed by General Electric. It is a high-efficiency generator that relies on natural media. This smaller 600 MWe reactor is famous for implementing the concept of transient storage. The principle of safety means that the reactor is designed to return to a safe state only using natural forces rather than requiring the assistance of systems operating to keep the reactor within safe limits, including emergency pumps. For example, when the reactor is overheated, it creates a process that produces soluble neutron emitters, or substances that, by absorbing neutrons, disrupt the chain reaction in the reactor core. . A tank containing soluble neutron emitters is placed on top of the reactor. Once the system is activated, the absorption solution enters the core by gravity and almost stops the reaction.
Economy-simplified boiling water reactor
During the period beginning in the late 1990s, GE proposed to combine the idea of water boilers to make it easier. The result has a capacity of 1,600 MWe. It has been announced that this plan will have a maximum damage of only 3 × 10-8 points of damage per year.
Advantage of this boiling water reactor
Some of the capabilities of the boiling water reactor are listed below:
- These combined devices operate at a low pressure of about 70 to 75 bar to about 155 bar in the machine which makes the water work.
- The ship does not break due to age. Boiling water boilers run on nuclear power at a lower cost than water recycling boilers.
- Due to the absence of steam generators, pressure vessels, and main circuit pumps, there are smaller machines and smaller components. It also makes boiling water reactors easier to operate.
- Water level measurement is the same for regular work and emergencies, allowing easy analysis of emergencies. The risk of an explosion that leads to a loss of coolant is less than in a water-recycling machine. If such an explosion occurs, the risk of head damage is reduced. The reason for this is that there are small pipes and large diameter pipes, small welds, and no generator tubes.
- A boiling water reactor can be designed to operate by circulation only to eliminate recirculation pumps. The reactor does not use boric acid to control the fission flame to avoid tritium generation and turbine pollution. This results in less chance of corrosion in reactor vessels and pipes.
Disadvantages of this boiling water reactor
- Boiling water reactors require complex calculations to adjust nuclear fuel consumption during operation due to the two-phase fluid (water and steam) on the core. Also, more equipment is needed in the main reactor.
- The pressure vessel of a water heater is larger than that of a pressure vessel of similar power, and the associated costs are higher.
- Turbine pollution produced by transient activation products is another disadvantage of boiling water reactors.